{"id":7370,"date":"2026-08-20T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.belodonte.es\/?p=7370"},"modified":"2026-06-23T07:23:45","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T07:23:45","slug":"distraccio-osteogenica-que-es-aplicacions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.belodonte.es\/ca\/distraccio-osteogenica-que-es-aplicacions\/","title":{"rendered":"Distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica: qu\u00e8 \u00e9s i aplicacions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica <\/strong>\u00e9s una t\u00e8cnica quir\u00fargica que permet generar os nou de manera gradual mitjan\u00e7ant la separaci\u00f3 controlada de dos segments pr\u00e8viament seccionats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A difer\u00e8ncia dels empelts ossis convencionals, que aporten volum mitjan\u00e7ant material afegit, la distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica utilitza la capacitat regenerativa del mateix organisme per a formar os de qualitat similar a l’original, en quantitats que altres t\u00e8cniques no poden aconseguir amb la mateixa fiabilitat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La seva aplicaci\u00f3 en cirurgia maxil\u00b7lofacial ha transformat el tractament de deformitats complexes que abans requerien m\u00faltiples cirurgies d’alt risc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Com funciona el principi de la distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El fonament biol\u00f2gic de la distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica es basa en el principi descrit pel cirurgi\u00e0 ortop\u00e8dic Gavriil Ilizarov a mitjan segle XX: quan un os se secciona quir\u00fargicament (osteotomia) i els dos fragments resultants se separen de manera lenta, gradual i controlada, l’organisme respon formant os nou en l’espai que es va generant entre tots dos fragments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El proc\u00e9s es desenvolupa en tres fases ben diferenciades. Durant la fase de lat\u00e8ncia (de cinc a set dies despr\u00e9s de la cirurgia) es forma el call ossi inicial sense aplicar encara cap separaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durant la fase de distracci\u00f3 activa, un dispositiu mec\u00e0nic (el distractor) separa els fragments ossis a un ritme controlat, habitualment de 0,5 a 1 mil\u00b7l\u00edmetre al dia, mentre l’os nou es va formant en l’espai generat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durant la fase de consolidaci\u00f3 (que pot durar entre dos i tres mesos), l’os nou format madura i es mineralitza completament fins a aconseguir una resist\u00e8ncia mec\u00e0nica comparable a la de l’os original.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quins tipus de distractores s’utilitzen en cirurgia maxil\u00b7lofacial?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hi ha diferents dissenys de distractors segons la localitzaci\u00f3 anat\u00f2mica i el tipus de moviment ossi requerit. Els distractors extraorals tenen un component extern visible que es fixa a la pell i permet ajustos molt precisos, encara que la seva visibilitat externa \u00e9s una limitaci\u00f3 est\u00e8tica i psicol\u00f2gica important, especialment en nens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els distractors intraorals o interns estan completament allotjats sota la pell o la mucosa, amb un petit bra\u00e7 d’activaci\u00f3 que sobresurt per a realitzar els ajustos diaris, oferint un resultat est\u00e8tic molt m\u00e9s discret durant el tractament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els distractors poden ser unidireccionals (quan el moviment necessari \u00e9s en un sol eix de l’espai) o multidireccionals (quan la correcci\u00f3 requerida \u00e9s m\u00e9s complexa i necessita moviment en diversos plans simult\u00e0niament).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’elecci\u00f3 del tipus de distractor dep\u00e8n de la regi\u00f3 anat\u00f2mica a tractar, la magnitud de la correcci\u00f3 necess\u00e0ria i l’edat del pacient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En quins casos est\u00e0 indicada la distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica maxil\u00b7lofacial?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica est\u00e0 especialment indicada quan cal generar un volum ossi considerable que els empelts convencionals no poden aportar de manera fiable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el camp de les malformacions cong\u00e8nites, \u00e9s el tractament d’elecci\u00f3 en la hipopl\u00e0sia mandibular severa associada a s\u00edndromes com la s\u00edndrome de Pierre Robin o la s\u00edndrome de Treacher Collins, on el subdesenvolupament mandibular pot comprometre greument la via a\u00e8ria del nounat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En la fissura llavipalatina amb hipopl\u00e0sia maxil\u00b7lar severa, la distracci\u00f3 permet avan\u00e7ar el maxil\u00b7lar superior en magnituds que la cirurgia ortogn\u00e0tica convencional no podria aconseguir de manera segura en un sol procediment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tamb\u00e9 s’utilitza en la reconstrucci\u00f3 despr\u00e9s de la resecci\u00f3 de tumors maxil\u00b7lars o mandibulars, generant os nou en defectes extensos sense necessitat d’empelts ossis vascularitzats d’altres zones del cos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I en implantologia avan\u00e7ada, permet generar altura \u00f2ssia vertical en vorells alveolars severament atr\u00f2fics quan altres t\u00e8cniques de regeneraci\u00f3 no s\u00f3n suficients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quins s\u00f3n els avantatges enfront d’altres t\u00e8cniques de reconstrucci\u00f3 \u00f2ssia?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica ofereix avantatges espec\u00edfics que la diferencien dels empelts ossis convencionals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’os generat \u00e9s os propi del pacient format in situ, amb una estructura i una vascularitzaci\u00f3 equivalents a les de l’os original, en lloc d’un material d’empelt que ha d’integrar-se i remodelar-se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els teixits tous circumdants (pell, mucosa, m\u00fascul) s’expandeixen de manera simult\u00e0nia i proporcional a l’os, gr\u00e0cies a un fenomen conegut com a histog\u00e8nesi per distracci\u00f3, la qual cosa evita el d\u00e8ficit de teixit tou que limita amb freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia la magnitud de correcci\u00f3 possible amb t\u00e8cniques d’empelt convencionals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No requereix una zona donant addicional, la qual cosa elimina la morbiditat associada a l’obtenci\u00f3 d’empelts ossis d’altres parts del cos. I permet aconseguir magnituds de correcci\u00f3 (especialment en sentit vertical o en casos de gran severitat) que serien inassolibles o de molt alt risc amb t\u00e8cniques d’empelt en un sol procediment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quines cures requereix el pacient durant el tractament?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El per\u00edode de distracci\u00f3 activa exigeix un comprom\u00eds important per part del pacient o de la fam\u00edlia, ja que requereix activacions di\u00e0ries del dispositiu, habitualment realitzades en el domicili despr\u00e9s d’un entrenament espec\u00edfic per part de l’equip quir\u00fargic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El seguiment cl\u00ednic i radiol\u00f2gic peri\u00f2dic durant aquesta fase \u00e9s imprescindible per a verificar que la formaci\u00f3 d’os nou progressa de manera adequada i per a ajustar el ritme de distracci\u00f3 si calgu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durant la fase de consolidaci\u00f3, el dispositiu roman col\u00b7locat per a estabilitzar l’os recentment format mentre aquest madura, i es retira en un segon procediment quir\u00fargic, habitualment baix anest\u00e8sia local o sedaci\u00f3, una vegada confirmada radiol\u00f2gicament la consolidaci\u00f3 completa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quins resultats ofereix aquesta t\u00e8cnica a llarg termini?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica ha demostrat resultats estables i duradors en seguiments a llarg termini, especialment quan la indicaci\u00f3, la planificaci\u00f3 i l’execuci\u00f3 t\u00e8cnica s\u00f3n adequades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el context de les malformacions cong\u00e8nites severes amb comprom\u00eds de la via a\u00e8ria, el seu impacte pot ser determinant per a evitar la necessitat de traqueostomia en nounats amb hipopl\u00e0sia mandibular extrema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En la reconstrucci\u00f3 oncol\u00f2gica i en la implantologia avan\u00e7ada, els resultats d’estabilitat \u00f2ssia a llarg termini s\u00f3n comparables o superiors als obtinguts amb t\u00e8cniques d’empelt convencional en defectes de gran grand\u00e0ria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’experi\u00e8ncia de l’equip quir\u00fargic en aquesta t\u00e8cnica concreta, que requereix un coneixement detallat de la biomec\u00e0nica de la distracci\u00f3, \u00e9s un dels factors que m\u00e9s influeix en el resultat final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si t’han plantejat un tractament de distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica per a tu o per al teu fill, \u00e9s normal sentir incertesa davant una t\u00e8cnica poc coneguda. Pregunta tot el que necessitis: comprendre cada fase del proc\u00e9s ajuda a afrontar-lo amb m\u00e9s tranquil\u00b7litat. Contacta amb nosaltres.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica \u00e9s una t\u00e8cnica quir\u00fargica que permet generar os nou de manera gradual mitjan\u00e7ant la separaci\u00f3 controlada de dos segments pr\u00e8viament seccionats. A difer\u00e8ncia dels empelts ossis convencionals, que aporten volum mitjan\u00e7ant material afegit, la distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica utilitza […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7369,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cirugia-oral"],"yoast_head":"\nDistracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica: qu\u00e8 \u00e9s i aplicacions - Cl\u00ednica Belodonte<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.belodonte.es\/distraccion-osteogenica-que-es-aplicaciones\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica: qu\u00e8 \u00e9s i aplicacions - Cl\u00ednica Belodonte\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La distracci\u00f3 osteog\u00e8nica \u00e9s una t\u00e8cnica quir\u00fargica que permet generar os nou de manera gradual mitjan\u00e7ant la separaci\u00f3 controlada de dos segments pr\u00e8viament seccionats. 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